天然气在土壤中泄漏的稳态温度场分析

埋地高压天然气经小孔泄漏会导致土壤冻结形成冻土,应用一元气体动力学、流体力学和传热学知识建立了天然气小孔泄漏吸热率模型和土壤稳态温度场模型,并进行了实例计算。结果表明：当天然气输送压力小于临界压力,小孔泄漏吸热率随压力的增大而增大;当天然气输送压力大于等于临界压力,小孔泄漏吸热率达到最大值;冻土厚度随土壤热导率或空气对流传热系数的增大而减小,但土壤热导率对其影响较小,空气对流传热系数对其影响较大。     

Numerical simulation of detonation of an explosive atmosphere of liquefied petroleum gas in a confined space

The detonation of an explosive atmosphere from liquefied petroleum gas disseminated in air in a confined space is studied using numerical modeling with software product ANSYS AUTODYN.     

Study of simple plane wave generator with an air-metal barrier

Plane wave generators (PWGs) are used to accelerate flyer plates to high velocities with their generated plane waves, which are widely used in the test of dynamic properties of materials. The traditional PWG is composed of two explosives with different detonation velocities. It is difficult to implement the related fabrication processes and control the generated waves due to its complicated structures. A simple plane wave generator is presented in this paper, which is composed of two identical cylindrical high explosive (HE) charges and an air-metal barrier. A theoretical model was established based on two different paths of the propagation of detonation waves, based on which the size of air-metal barrier was calculated for a given charge. The corresponding numerical simulations were also carried out by AUTODYN-2D^® based on the calculated results, which were used to compare with the theoretical calculations. A detonation wave with a flatness of 0.039 μs within the range of 70-percent diameter of the main charge was obtained through the simulations.     

云模型在雷达干扰资源多目标优化配置中的应用

鉴于干扰效果/效益评估在雷达干扰资源优化分配中的重要地位,提出了一种基于云模型和匈牙利算法的雷达干扰资源优化分配模型。利用一维云模型单条件单规则发生器和逆向云发生器构建了评估指标干扰效果推理器,利用基于风险态度因子的云模型映射函数定义了云模型之间距离的度量方法。提出了一种基于云模型与逼近理想解法的雷达干扰效益矩阵求解方法,最后运用匈牙利算法实现了干扰资源优化分配。将所建模型应用到干扰资源分配中,结果表明该模型能够较好的处理评估中的不确定性知识,是合理、可行的。     

THO-MAC:一种两跳优化的低延迟低功耗无线传感器网络介质访问控制协议

功耗与延迟是无线传感器网络介质访问控制协议设计首要考虑的两个问题。提出了一种新的传感器网络低延迟、低功耗、接收节点初始化异步介质访问控制协议——THO-MAC协议。通过准确预测接收节点的唤醒时间,THO-MAC协议调度发送节点侦听信道,从而减少发送节点空闲侦听能量浪费。THOMAC协议在发送节点两跳转发节点集中选择使报文两跳转发延迟最小的转发节点,从而降低报文传输延迟。使用NS2模拟器对THO-MAC协议进行了详细模拟。模拟结果显示,与RI-MAC和Any-MAC协议相比,THOMAC协议可以减少35.5%和18%的报文传输延迟,同时节省23.5%和15.5%的节点功耗。     

数值模拟气/气喷嘴速度比对燃烧性能的影响

为研究应用于全流量补燃循环发动机的不同气/气喷嘴得到的燃烧流场,通过求解NavierStokes方程组,对不同燃料与氧化剂速度比下的流动燃烧过程进行了数值计算,计算结果与实验结果吻合。仿真结果表明:增加速度比能使燃烧火焰面提前,燃烧效率变大。如果发动机的长度受到限制,可以适当增加速度比以实现高效燃烧。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器滑翔段预测-校正制导研究

为了满足高超声速滑翔飞行器再入制导过程中的终端约束和过程约束,针对滑翔段具有不确定初值和气动干扰的滑翔再入问题,联合三维轨迹快速在线生成技术和模型预测静态规划（MPSP）技术提出了一种改进的MPSP预测-校正制导律。建立了基于能量的高超声速滑翔飞行器的运动学模型,详细推导了MPSP预测-校正制导理论。构建了基于三维快速轨迹规划的初值生成器,探讨了初始下降段对滑翔段的影响因素。针对滑翔段初值干扰和气动参数摄动问题,设计了预测-校正制导律,进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,改进的MPSP预测-校正制导方法能够有效利用精确的猜测值,对干扰初值和气动摄动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Does Intent equal Capability? Al-Qaeda and Weapons of Mass Destruction

The prospect of terrorists deploying weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is often referred to as the foremost danger to American national security. This danger has become more realistic because of al-Qaeda's expanding global network and the expressed willingness to kill thousands of civilians. In the past four years, numerous media reports have documented the group's ongoing quest for WMD capabilities; many reports have detailed al-Qaeda members’ attempts to manufacture or obtain certain chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents to use in WMD against targets in the West and the Middle East. Yet the question remains: Does al-Qaeda's current WMD capability match its actual intent? While most studies of the group have focused on its explicit desire for WMD, allegations of CBRN acquisition, and the killing potential of specific CBRN agents, few open-source studies have closely examined the evolution of al-Qaeda's consideration of WMD and, most notably, the merit of actual CBRN production instructions as depicted and disseminated in the group's own literature and manuals. The following report will examine the history of al-Qaeda's interest in CBRN agents, the evolution of the network's attitude toward these weapons, and the internal debate within the organization concerning acquisition and use of WMD. More so, the following research will assess the validity of actual CBRN production instructions and capabilities as displayed and disseminated in al-Qaeda's own literature and websites.     

弹药洞库有害气体分布规律研究

以计算流体力学（CFD）为理论基础,应用GAMBIT软件对洞库内的有害气体进行几何模型构建和网络划分,用FLUENT软件对所建模型中有害气体的扩散和分布规律进行模拟分析,并对单一释放源条件下扩散规律进行比较,分析弹药堆垛对气体扩散的影响．通过对洞库内有害气体的整体分布规律的研究,找到了库房内有害气体浓度最高的位置．最后,通过实验对仿真结果进行验证．     

UN-Consistent: A Comparison of Australia's Military Interventions in Somalia and Rwanda

This article seeks to compare Australia's involvement in two key 1990s peace missions: those to Somalia in 1992–93 and Rwanda in 1994–95. While there are many similarities between the two missions in terms of time, scale and theatre, the differences are more important. Both missions are usually recalled as failures despite the Australian troops having been extremely successful in their roles during both deployments. Moreover the experiences with intervention in Africa seem to have forever blighted Australian participation in peace missions on that continent.